Evaluation of potential genotoxicity of five food dyes using the somatic mutation and recombination test

In this study, different concentrations of five food dyes (amaranth, patent blue, carminic acid, indigotine and erythrosine) have been evaluated for genotoxicity in the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART) of Drosophila melanogaster. Standard cross was used in the experiment. Larvae including two linked recessive wing hair mutations were chronically fed at different concentrations of the test compounds in standard Drosophila Instant Medium. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae. Wings of the emerging adult flies were scored for the presence of spots of mutant cells which can result from either somatic mutation or somatic recombination. For the evaluation of genotoxic effects, the frequencies of spots per wing in the treated series were compared to the control group, which was distilled water. The present study shows that carminic acid and indigotine demonstrated negative results while erythrosine demonstrated inconclusive results. In addition 25 mg mL⁻¹ concentration of patent blue and 12.5, 25 and 50 mg mL⁻¹ concentrations of amaranth demonstrated positive results in the SMART.     

全复合材料翼面振动主动控制技术研究

目的减小复合材料结构振动响应。方法以全复合材料翼面为研究对象,结合该翼面结构有限元模型,建立带有压电作动器的结构动力学仿真模型。利用PID(Proportional,Integral and Differential)控制理论设计主动控制律,基于Simulink仿真平台设计控制律程序,通过控制律变参分析得出PID控制各参数的设计规律,基于仿真模型进行主动控制仿真试验。以仿真试验结果为基础,在复合材料翼面上进行振动主动控制地面试验。结果有效地控制了复合材料翼面振动响应,振动响应减小了79.74%,验证了模型和控制律设计的有效性。结论以压电作动器作为控制作动器,通过PID控制理论设计控制律,能够有效控制全复合材料翼面振动,使振动减小。     

考虑机翼柔性影响的发动机安装系统隔振设计研究

目的研究综合考虑安装系统的隔振效率、振型解耦、机翼柔性等因素影响的涡桨发动机安装系统隔振设计方法。方法首先对二自由度系统的动力学特性进行理论推导,得出机翼柔性在安装系统隔振分析中的重要性。进一步将弹性中心理论应用于发动机安装系统设计中,获得双平面五点式安装系统主要设计变量的优选参数。为分析柔性机翼对该设计过程的影响,利用有限元和多体动力学方法建立安装系统的刚柔混合计算模型,并进行分析。结果机翼阻尼对高频共振响应影响较大,垂向刚度比大于2时,安装系统取得较好的减振效果。结论综合考虑机翼柔性及振动解耦等因素的发动机安装系统隔振设计方法可以为航空发动机安装系统的工程设计提供参考。     

A Comparative Analysis of Specialization and Extinction Risk in Temperate-Zone Bats

Abstract:  Identifying the factors that influence the extinction risk of animals is essential in conservation biology because they help identify endangered species and provide the basis for their preservation. We present a comparative study that uses data from the literature on the diet and morphological specialization of European and North American bat species to investigate the effect of specialization on extinction risk. We focused on bats because many species are endangered and their high ecological diversity makes them a good model system for our purpose. After correcting for phylogenetic inertia, we compared the influence of dietary niche breadth as a measure of food specialization and of wing morphology as a measure of foraging strategy, habitat adaptation, and migratory ability on the vulnerability of 35 insectivorous bat species. Our results do not support the hypothesis that a narrow dietary niche breadth is related to high extinction risk. Instead they suggest that habitat specialization, which is reflected in wing morphology, influences the extinction risk of bats. Our study shows that an initial risk assessment in temperate-zone bats could be based on data of wing morphology but not on dietary data obtained from fecal analyses.     

低矮建筑物的抗风研究现状

对国外低矮建筑抗风问题的研究和应用现状进行了综述。全文共分3部分，第一部分论述了低矮建筑的体型对表面风压的影响；第二部分是关于屋檐构造和屋面材料对低矮建筑的抗风影响；第三部分介绍了低矮建筑空气动力学数据库。最后，通过这些介绍和评述，提出了一些需要进一步研究的问题。